Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec)
Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) is a medication used to treat children less than 2 years old with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
It is given as a one-time-only dose.
- Disease Indications : Spinal Muscular Atrophy
- Manufacturer : AveXis, Inc.
- Usage : Intravenous
Medicine approved by
- European Medical Agency (EMA)
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- Health Canada
Details
What is Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) for?
Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) is an adeno-associated virus vector-based gene therapy indicated for the treatment of:
- Children less than 2 years old with 5q spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) with a bi-allelic mutation in the SMN1 gene and a clinical diagnosis of SMA Type 1, or
- Children less than 2 years old with 5q SMA with a bi-allelic mutation in the SMN1 gene and up to 3 copies of the SMN2 gene.
It is given as a one-time-only dose.
Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) is available in vial form containing 2 × 10^13 vector genomes/mL solution for infusion. It is provided as a customized kit to meet dosing requirements for each patient and comes with vials of onasemnogene abeparvovec.
How does Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) work?
Onasemnogene abeparvovec, the active ingredient in Zolgensma, works by targeting the underlying mechanism of SMA: a lack in the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein. This protein is crucial for the function of nerves that control muscle movements. In SMA patients, nerve cells are unable to work properly, and over time this leads to muscle weakness.
In most cases of SMA, the SMN1 gene is mutated. The production of SMN protein is directed primarily by SMN1, and partly by SMN2. However, the protein produced by the SMN2 gene is not stable.
Onasemnogene abeparvovec is a vector that contains a functional copy of the SMN gene. When injected, it passes into the nerves from where it replaces the function of the missing or nonworking SMN1 gene and it will tell the motor neuron cells to start making SMN protein. The new gene does not become part of the child’s DNA.
Onasemnogene abeparvovec is an adeno-associated virus vector-based gene therapy. This type of virus does not make people sick.
Although Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) keeps motor neuron cells functioning and keeping strength in the muscles, it is not a cure and cannot reverse the damage already caused by SMA before treatment.
Where has Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) been approved?
Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) was approved for the treatment of children aged 2 years and below with SMA by:
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA), USA on May 24, 2019.
- European Medicines Agency (EMA) on May 18, 2020.
- Health Canada on December 16, 2020.
Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) received Fast Track, Breakthrough Therapy, and Priority Review designations by the FDA. Additionally, it received Orphan Drug designation, which provides incentives to encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases.
The FDA also awarded the manufacturer a rare pediatric disease priority review voucher, under a program intended to encourage the development of new drugs and biological products for the prevention and treatment of certain rare pediatric diseases.
Please note that this medicine may have also been approved in other regions than the ones we’ve listed. If you have a question about its approval in a specific country feel free to contact our support team.
How is Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) taken?
The standard dosage is:
- A one-time-only dose based on the child’s body weight. Dosage is between 3.3 x 10^14 vector genomes (vg)/kg body weight and 2.31 x 10^15 vg/kg.
The medicine is given via slow intravenous infusion (into a vein) over 60 minutes.
Before Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) can be given, several lab tests need to be completed:
- A diagnosis of SMA has to be confirmed
- An adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) antibody test to measure the amount of anti-AAV9 antibodies in your child’s blood
- Blood tests to check your child’s liver function and to determine baseline levels of platelet and troponin-I in the blood
A course of an oral corticosteroid, to be determined by the treating doctor, should be started the day before infusion with Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec). On the day of infusion, the second dose of the oral corticosteroid should be given. This helps manage increased liver enzyme reactions to the medicine by the body’s immune system.
Warning: Viral respiratory infection before or after infusion of the medicine can lead to more serious complications. If you see signs of a possible viral respiratory infection such as coughing, wheezing, sneezing, runny nose, sore throat, or fever, contact the treating doctor immediately.
Complete information about Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) dosage (modification) and administration can be found in the official prescribing information listed in our references section.
Note: Please consult with your treating doctor for personalised dosing.
Are there any known adverse reactions or side effects of Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec)?
Common adverse reactions
The most common adverse reactions (≥10% of patients) listed in the prescribing information include:
- Increased liver enzymes
- Vomiting
Use in a specific population
- Renal (kidney) impairment
- Hepatic (liver) impairment
- 0SMN1/1SMN2 genotype
- Anti-AAV9 antibodies
- Paediatric population
The safety and efficacy of onasemnogene abeparvovec have not been determined in patients with kidney dysfunction. Onasemnogene abeparvovec therapy should be carefully considered. A dose adjustment should not be considered.
Onasemnogene abeparvovec has not been studied in patients with liver dysfunction. The medicine should not be infused unless increased bilirubin is associated with neonatal jaundice. Onasemnogene abeparvovec therapy should be carefully considered in patients with liver dysfunction. A dose adjustment should not be considered.
No dose adjustment should be considered in patients with a bi-allelic mutation of the SMN1 gene and only one copy of SMN2 (see official prescribing information).
No dose adjustment should be considered in patients with baseline anti-AAV9 antibody titres above 1:50 (see official prescribing information).
The safety and efficacy of Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) in premature neonates before reaching full term gestational age are not known. Treatment with this medicine should be carefully considered because concomitant treatment with corticosteroids may have negative effects on neurological development.
There is little data on the safety and efficacy of Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) in patients 2 years of age and older or with body weight above 13.5 kg. A dose adjustment should not be considered (see official prescribing information).
If you want to explore whether Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) is right for your child, discuss the benefits and risks of treatment with your child’s doctor.
For a comprehensive list of side effects and adverse reactions please refer to the official prescribing information.
References
- Full prescribing information [FDA]: Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparvovec) [PDF] AveXis, May 2019
- What is Spinal Muscular Atrophy? SMA News Today article, cited Mar 2021
- What is Zolgensma? Zolgensma.com, cited Mar 2021
- FDA approves innovative gene therapy to treat pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy, a rare disease and leading genetic cause of infant mortality FDA press release, May 2019
- Zolgensma EMA product page, cited Mar 2021
- Health Canada approves Zolgensma®, the one-time gene therapy for pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) Health Canada press release, Dec 2020
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